Nowadays mobiles are the most common thing you can find someone holding in their
hands. Further, with the enhanced technologies and digitization of various platforms, it is
no doubt that mobile usage is increasing drastically. Today you could be traveling, going
through a tunnel, or on top of the mountains, and you will get a good enough cellular
network to be able to communicate with your loved ones. It is fascinating to know how
technological developments are helping mobile networks get stronger and widely
available.
Principle of a Mobile Network-
The mobile network works on the general principle like that of every wireless network.
The principle is to transmit and receive network signals in the form of radio frequencies
from one cell (hexagonal geographical areas with one transceiver in the center) to another
until the two mobile phones are connected and a connection is established.
Working of a Mobile Network-
The mobile network has multiple short overlapping areas, called cells, with individual
base stations at their centers. These cells are overlapping in nature so that there is no gap
between two base stations if you are traveling. These base stations are the core of a
particular piece of network. When a mobile phone transmits radio frequency signals, they
are captured by these base stations and re-transmitted on another radio frequency to the
aimed mobile phone.
These signals are relayed to sequenced base stations as the caller moves across the cells.
This relaying is seamless and is not noticed by the user, and hence the call is continuous.
The transmission and receiving strengths of mobile phones are very low, about 0.6 watts
and 3 watts. This low radio frequency strength makes it possible for the calls to remain in
their specific cells without interfering with each other. It is also essential to understand
that the power of an individual base station does not affect the strength of the network for
a mobile phone. The number of cells and base stations should be increased in a given
region to improve a particular mobile network’s coverage, stability, and strength.
The Difference in the Rural and Urban Cells-
Cells are crucial components of mobile networks (hence the term interchanged with
cellular networks). These cells are of different sizes and strengths depending on various
factors like- the type of base station incorporated, terrain (mountains, plains, etc.) and
location (rural or urban) of installation, and the population density.
The transmission capacity of the base stations present at the core of the cells is limited.
To handle numerous simultaneous calls in high-density regions like urban cities,
thousands of small-sized cells are present within a few meters. In contrast, in the rural
areas where the population density and communications are significantly low, these cells
are larger in size, scattered up to ten kilometers apart.
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